Give an overview of the different elements and stratification of the atmosphere

 

 different elements and stratification of the atmosphere

 Answer:

 Atmospheric material: -

      The atmosphere is a compound mixture.  Meteorologists have divided the atmosphere into three main categories.  Such as 1) mixture of different gaseous substances, 2) water vapour and 3) different organic and inorganic particles.

 1) Mixtures of different gaseous substances -

 A) Nitrogen The maximum amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere is 78.1 per cent.

 B) Oxygen-- The second major component of the atmosphere is oxygen (20.9) per cent.

 C) Carbon dioxide The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very small (0.033) per cent.

 2) Water vapour -

       Atmospheric humidity, clouds, rain, snow, etc. are caused by the effect of water vapour.  The role of water vapour in controlling the temperature of the atmosphere is also important.  However, water vapour does not remain the same everywhere in the atmosphere.

 3) Various organic and inorganic particles In addition to gaseous elements and water vapour, various organic and inorganic particles can be observed in the atmosphere.

 Atmospheric stratification ---

   

    The different layers of the atmosphere can be divided into two parts.  Such as--

 A) Stratification of the atmosphere according to chemical composition and

 B) Stratification of the atmosphere according to capacity.

 A) Atmospheric stratification according to chemical composition ---

     The chemical composition of the atmosphere can be divided into two main levels.

  1) Hemisphere -

      The level of the atmosphere up to about 90 km above sea level is called the hemisphere.  The word hemisphere means atmosphere.  This layer is called the hemisphere because of the composition of the various chemical elements in the atmosphere and the fact that a proportional rate is maintained between the elements.  The hemisphere is mainly composed of three types of elements.  Namely - 1) a mixture of different gaseous substances, 2) water vapour, 3) different organic and inorganic particles.

 2) Heterosphere stratification -

      The heterosphere can be further divided into four sub-layers.  1) molecular nitrogen layer, 2) atomic oxygen layer, 3) helium layer and 4) hydrogen layer.

 B) Atmospheric stratification according to temperature -

    The atmosphere can be divided into several layers according to the temperature.  The hemisphere has a troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere and the heterosphere has an ionosphere, exosphere and magnetosphere.

 1) Troposphere -

        It extends from the surface to a maximum of 18 km in the equatorial region and a minimum of 8 km in the polar region.  In addition, the air layer, which extends up to 100 km from the surface, greatly affects the surface weather and climate.  All the changes in the climate of the earth i.e. clouds, storms etc. can be observed at this level.  For this reason, it is called the variable layer or troposphere.  This part is known as the troposphere.  Most of the processes of the Earth's climate are limited to this level.  With an increase in altitude of 1 km per level, the temperature decreases at a rate of 6.4.  The 2 - 3 km wide layer above is called the tropopause.

 2) Stratosphere -

     The stratosphere is a layer that extends up to a height of about 50 km above the troposphere.  Since there are no clouds, storms, etc. in the stratosphere, jets fly through this layer to calm down. At this level, the temperature gradually increases with increasing altitude. At an altitude of about 50 km, the air temperature is highest and 10.  The stagnant layer above the stratosphere is known as the stratosphere.  The main reason for the rise in temperature in the stratosphere is the location of ozone gas in this part.  As a result, not only does the temperature rise, but the harmful ultraviolet rays emitted from the sun can no longer reach the earth's surface due to the presence of the ozone layer in this part of the atmosphere.

 3) Mesosphere -

     The mesosphere is the layer that extends about 80 km above the surface of the stratosphere.  At an altitude of 80 km, the air temperature drops to -93.  As the height of the mesosphere increases, the temperature decreases rapidly and the maximum temperature decreases to about 100 C.  The lowest temperature of the atmosphere can be observed at this level.  Due to this, the meteorites coming from space towards the earth are burnt to ashes.  The stagnant layer above the mesosphere is called menopause.

 4) Ionosphere -

     The ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that survives at an altitude of about 700 km above the surface of the mesosphere.  The air here is very light and the ions are ionized for intense sun rays.  This layer acts as a reflector in the case of radio waves, making it possible to communicate with the rest of the world.  As the lower part of the ionosphere rises to an altitude of about 500 km, the temperature rises very rapidly and the maximum temperature in the atmosphere at an altitude of about 500 km is about 1200.  The warmest layer of the atmosphere is called the thermosphere.

     At this level, the magnetic resistance of the electromagnetic molecule produces a beam of light that is called the North Pole and the South Pole.

 5) Exosphere -

     The layer in the atmosphere above the ionosphere is called the exosphere.  The concentration of hydrogen and helium atoms in the layer can be observed.

 6) Magnetosphere--

     Recently meteorologists have speculated about the existence of a magnetosphere above the exosphere, but little is known about it.